Abstract : The treatment of microbial diseases has a well-documented history in ancient societies such as Egypt, Greece, and China. The introduction of antibiotics to the world marked a significant milestone with Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928.
Antibiotic resistance, strictly defined as a microorganism's ability to survive and withstand exposure to antimicrobial drugs, poses a recognized global health concern at local, national, and international levels [1]. The current scenario reflects antibiotic resistance not merely as an indicator of maintaining health but as a growing threat to public health due to widespread misuse. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance varies among countries but is generally associated with the prescribed outpatient use of antibiotics at the national level. However, antibiotic use extends beyond prescription, including self-medication practices where antibiotics are used without a doctor's guidance. This involves obtaining additional antibiotics from prior prescribed courses, acquiring them from relatives or friends, purchasing antibiotics without a prescription, and obtaining them both legally and illegally [2].
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